92 research outputs found

    Étude comparative des effets des couvĂ©es de deux et de trois oeufs sur la production des pigeonneaux de chair

    Get PDF
    L'effet des couvées de trois oeufs sur le rendement d'un élevage expérimental de pigeons de chair est étudié durant trois périodes saisonniÚres en comparaison avec les résultats témoins obtenus dans les couvées de deux oeufs. L'analyse de variance et la comparaison individuelle des moyennes montrent que l'apparition des oeufs clairs est indépendante du facteur saisonnier et du nombre d'oeufs couvés. Les variations du nombre moyen de pontes, d'oeufs noirs, d'éclosions, de pigeonneaux morts avant l'ùge de 28 jours et de pigeonneaux vivants à l'ùge d'abattage sont fonction du type de couvaison (deux ou trois oeufs) et/ou de la période d'expérimentation. La production moyenne en pigeonneaux de chair a augmenté de 15,99% dans les couvées de trois oeufs durant la période s'étalant de mars à juin par rapport aux couvées de deux oeufs. Les rendements des deux types de couvaison restent similaires au cours des autres périodes de l'année. De ce fait, cette technique est trÚs avantageuse et pourra contribuer à l'amélioration de la production en pigeonneaux de chair au cours de la période printaniÚre favorable ou durant toute l'année si les facteurs saisonniers sont maßtrisés (température et photopériode).Effects of two and three egg clutches on the production of flesh squabsThe effect ofbrooding three eggs on the yield of an experimental breeding offlesh pigeons has been studied over three seasons to be compared with the results of tests obtained with two egg clutches. The analysis ofvariance and the individu al comparison of averages show that the appearances ofthe clear eggs is independent ofthe seasonal factor and the number of egg clutches. The variations in the averaged number oflaying, black eggs, hatchings, squabs dyingwithin 28 days and the squabs still living at the age for slaughter are in relation to the type ofbrooding (two or three eggs) and/or ofthe experiment period. The average production offlesh squabs has increased by 15,99% in three egg clutches during the period from March to June in relation to test. The yields ofthe two types ofbrooding remain similar during other periods of the year. From this fact, this technique seems to be very advantageous and could contribute to the improvement of the production of flesh squabs during the favourable spring period or throughout the year once seasonal factors are mastered (temperature and photoperiod)

    Gamma-D crystallin gene (CRYGD) mutation causes autosomal dominant congenital cerulean cataracts

    Get PDF
    Congenital cataracts are a major cause of bilateral visual impairment in childhood. We mapped the gene responsible for autosomal congenital cerulean cataracts to chromosome 2q33-35 in a four generation family of Moroccan descent. The maximum lod score (7.19 at recombination fraction theta=0) was obtained for marker D2S2208 near the g-crystallin gene (CRYG) cluster. Sequencing of the coding regions of the CRYGA, B, C, and D genes showed the presence of a heterozygous C>A transversion in exon 2 of CRYGD that is associated with cataracts in this family. This mutation resulted in a proline to threonine substitution at amino acid 23 of the protein in the first of the four Greek key motifs that characterise this protein. We show that although the x ray crystallography modelling does not indicate any change of the backbone conformation, the mutation affects a region of the Greek key motif that is important for determining the topology of this protein fold. Our data suggest strongly that the proline to threonine substitution may alter the protein folding or decrease the thermodynamic stability or solubility of the protein. Furthermore, this is the first report of a mutation in this gene resulting in autosomal dominant congenital cerulean cataracts

    Dépression de la consanguinité sur les performances pondérales des pigeonneaux

    Get PDF
    Des pigeonneaux issus d'une une race locale appelée "Beldi"appartiennant à quatre groupes génétiques, selon leurs degrés de consanguinité, ont été utilisés. L'étude des caractéristiques de croissance a porté sur 96 individus. Les paramÚtres statistiques des diverses variables ont montré une croissance homogÚne et équilibrée pour les différents groupes étudiés. L'analyse de variance montre que le poids à l'éclosion est indépendant du degré de consanguinité et du sexe des pigeonneaux. L'effet du degré de consanguinité se manifeste à partir de la deuxiÚme semaine d'ùge et entraßne une dépression de la consanguinité sur le poids. L'interaction sexe degré de consanguinité est également significative et avantage les mùles témoins par rapport aux autres groupes. L'analyse de la régression du sexe et du degré de consanguinité sur le poids des pigeonneaux à divers stades d'ùge confirme ces résultats. La comparaison multiple des moyennes montre un avantage certain des mùles sur les femelles à l'intérieur de chaque groupe et un avantage des individus non consanguins sur les autres. L'étude des corrélations montre des relations inversement proportionnelles entre le poids des pigeonneaux, d'une part, et leurs sexes et / ou leurs degrés de consanguinité, d'autre part

    Implication zootechnique du menthol cristallisé comme additif alimentaire chez le poulet de chair

    Get PDF
    Le menthol est utilisĂ© pour ses vertus aromatiques, culinaires, cosmĂ©tiques et mĂ©dicinales. Chez l’homme, il est employĂ© contre les troubles digestifs et l’hypotension, mais prĂ©sente, Ă©galement, des propriĂ©tĂ©s antiseptiques et bactĂ©ricides. En mĂ©decine vĂ©tĂ©rinaire, il entre dans de nombreuses spĂ©cialitĂ©s mĂ©dicamenteuses Ă  visĂ©e respiratoire. Cependant, son usage en tant qu’additif antibactĂ©rien n’a pas encore Ă©tĂ© rapportĂ©. L’objectif est de cette Ă©tude tester si ce produit pourrait substituer les principes chimiques incriminĂ©s d’ĂȘtre Ă  l’origine d’antibiorĂ©sistance, de rĂ©sidus dans les denrĂ©es alimentaires, d’écotoxicitĂ© et d’allergies chez le consommateur. Le dispositif expĂ©rimental est composĂ© de 4 parquets abritant chacun 100 poulets type chair. Trois lots (MCd1, MCd2, MCd3) ont Ă©tĂ© supplĂ©mentĂ©s avec du menthol cristallisĂ© (MC) dans l’eau de boisson aux doses respectives d1=0,10mg/kgPV (Poids Vif), d2=0,20mg/kgPV et d3=0,30mg/kgPV. Le quatriĂšme lot est choisi comme tĂ©moin (T). Le traitement a durĂ© 10 jours rĂ©partis en trois pĂ©riodes diffĂ©rents: J6-J9, J21-J23 et J33-J35. Les rĂ©sultats ont dĂ©montrĂ© que la posologie d2=0,2mg/kgPV est la plus efficace sur le plan zootechnique : poids vif total (+9,07%), gain moyen quotidien (+1,88%), indice de consommation (-5,44%), taux de mortalitĂ© (-50%). Ces rĂ©sultats, bien que prĂ©liminaires, ouvrent une voie de recherche intĂ©ressante pour l’usage des produits naturels Ă  des fins zootechniques et thĂ©rapeutiques. Cependant, des Ă©tudes complĂ©mentaires sont nĂ©cessaires pour Ă©lucider les effets pharmacologiques, toxicologiques et diĂ©tĂ©tiques du menthol

    Implication zootechnique du menthol cristallisé comme additif alimentaire chez le poulet de chair

    Get PDF
    Le menthol est utilisĂ© pour ses vertus aromatiques, culinaires, cosmĂ©tiques et mĂ©dicinales. Chez l’homme, il est employĂ© contre les troubles digestifs et l’hypotension, mais prĂ©sente, Ă©galement, des propriĂ©tĂ©s antiseptiques et bactĂ©ricides. En mĂ©decine vĂ©tĂ©rinaire, il entre dans de nombreuses spĂ©cialitĂ©s mĂ©dicamenteuses Ă  visĂ©e respiratoire. Cependant, son usage en tant qu’additif antibactĂ©rien n’a pas encore Ă©tĂ© rapportĂ©. L’objectif est de cette Ă©tude tester si ce produit pourrait substituer les principes chimiques incriminĂ©s d’ĂȘtre Ă  l’origine d’antibiorĂ©sistance, de rĂ©sidus dans les denrĂ©es alimentaires, d’écotoxicitĂ© et d’allergies chez le consommateur. Le dispositif expĂ©rimental est composĂ© de 4 parquets abritant chacun 100 poulets type chair. Trois lots (MCd1, MCd2, MCd3) ont Ă©tĂ© supplĂ©mentĂ©s avec du menthol cristallisĂ© (MC) dans l’eau de boisson aux doses respectives d1=0,10mg/kgPV (Poids Vif), d2=0,20mg/kgPV et d3=0,30mg/kgPV. Le quatriĂšme lot est choisi comme tĂ©moin (T). Le traitement a durĂ© 10 jours rĂ©partis en trois pĂ©riodes diffĂ©rents: J6-J9, J21-J23 et J33-J35. Les rĂ©sultats ont dĂ©montrĂ© que la posologie d2=0,2mg/kgPV est la plus efficace sur le plan zootechnique : poids vif total (+9,07%), gain moyen quotidien (+1,88%), indice de consommation (-5,44%), taux de mortalitĂ© (-50%). Ces rĂ©sultats, bien que prĂ©liminaires, ouvrent une voie de recherche intĂ©ressante pour l’usage des produits naturels Ă  des fins zootechniques et thĂ©rapeutiques. Cependant, des Ă©tudes complĂ©mentaires sont nĂ©cessaires pour Ă©lucider les effets pharmacologiques, toxicologiques et diĂ©tĂ©tiques du menthol

    Cycle biologique de l'agarophyte Gracilaria multipartita (Clemente) Harvey (Rhodophyceae, Gracilariales) sur la cĂŽte atlantique marocaine

    Get PDF
    Le cycle de croissance de Gracilaria multipartita, espĂšce commune du littoral marocain a Ă©tĂ© suivi pendant 2 annĂ©es. Les nouvelles frondes se dĂ©veloppent Ă  partir du mois de janvier sur le disque pĂ©rennant. La croissance est maximale entre mai et juin. AprĂšs un arrĂȘt de croissance pendant l’étĂ©, une nouvelle phase de croissance plus ou moins marquĂ©e selon les annĂ©es est observĂ©e en automne. Les frondes dĂ©gĂ©nĂšrent ensuite pour laisser place Ă  de nouvelles pousses en janvier. Les analyses statistiques ont confirmĂ© ce cycle et dĂ©signent la tempĂ©rature comme le facteur dĂ©terminant dans son dĂ©roulement. L’étude indique qu’il serait possible d’exploiter l’espĂšce Ă  partir de juin, avant que les frondes ne commencent Ă  dĂ©gĂ©nĂ©rer

    Sedimentary climatic record in the Galician Internal Basin: sediment provenance, transport time and hydrodynamics over the last 60.000 years

    Get PDF
    The sediments of the Galician Interior Basin are influenced by the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and by their proximity to the Western Iberia continental landmass, and thus provide an adequate archive to study the peculiarities of the last glacial‐interglacial dynamics and the transition into present day conditions. The aim of this study has been to analyse the sedimentary expression of climatic processes and forcings derived from the relation between the last North Atlantic glacial cycle and the local regional components -including abrupt climate changes and local events- since the end of the last glacial period in this area. We have attempted to establish the rates and magnitudes of change of this system to understand its climate dynamics, processes and feedbacks, and hence its role on a local to sub‐regional scale from a palaeoclimatic proxies perspective. The inference of these climatic mechanisms encrypted in the deep-sea sedimentary record needs to constrain the spatial and temporal scales of the sedimentary processes involved, in particular the identification of source areas, pathways and transport, storage times and hydrodynamic conditions. In order to achieve these goals we have used a twofold approach; an initial effort to constrain the current sedimentary conditions to their associated local hydrography conditions by means of a mooring, which will be used to later infer the palaeoenvironmental conditions from sediment cores. The location of the mooring and the 5 coring locations has been based on the acquisition of new geophysical data: a precise 20 x 20 m bathymetry covering an area of 9860 km2 and 690 km of high-resolution seismic profiles distributed in 10 transects that allow to investigate the main sedimentary units in the region. The mooring comprised 2 sediment traps located at 500 and 1400 m below the sea surface. These depths are under the influence of the Eastern North Atlantic Central Water (ENACW) and Mediterranean Water (MW). The sediment traps also target sediments from the shelf and the upper slope. Sediments were collected monthly for a 9 month period, whilst hydrographic conditions such as current speed, salinity, oxygen and turbidity were continuously recorded in associated instruments at the same depths. Finally, a multidisciplinary study combining resolution scans, including geochemistry (ITRAX), physical properties (GEOTEK) and enviromagnetic properties (2G cryogenic magnetometer), has been constrained using a very robust geochronology framework. Further analyses comprised grain size distributions, S͞S, SEM, XRD, stable and high-precision radioactive isotopes. The area consists mostly of generally autochthonous hemipelagic and terrigenous muds and sandy to silty muds with high clay content, showing abundant bioturbation and early diagenesis. Allochthonous material of different provenances (characterized by 143Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/ 86Sr isotopic ratios) occurs interbedded within the hemipelagic sediments associated to Heinrich Stadials HS1 to HS6. The sediments also show significant changes in the vigour of bottom-currents (based on the S͞S proxy) both within and between the HS. The combination of these sedimentological, geochemical and geophysical data has provided a new insight into the role of current strength, circulation and sediment provenance changes in the area, and allowed to establish across vs. along margin transport balances in the sedimentary record of the Galician Internal basin over the last 60 Ky

    SynthÚse Océanographique 2014

    Get PDF
    This oceanographic synthesis focuses on the main results of the INRH's oceanographic surveys along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coast of Morocco and the follow-up resulting from the treatment of satellite products for the year 2014. The objective of this study is to establish a system of operational oceanographic observations and, ultimately, numerical simulations capable of continuously monitoring trends and hydroclimatic variations at the level of the two Atlantic and Mediterranean seaboards. This document is divided into three parts: The physical oceanography component, biological oceanography component and remote sensing space component

    Effects of Subthalamic Nucleus Lesions and Stimulation upon Corticostriatal Afferents in the 6-Hydroxydopamine-Lesioned Rat

    Get PDF
    Abnormalities of striatal glutamate neurotransmission may play a role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease and may respond to neurosurgical interventions, specifically stimulation or lesioning of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). The major glutamatergic afferent pathways to the striatum are from the cortex and thalamus, and are thus likely to be sources of striatal neuronally-released glutamate. Corticostriatal terminals can be distinguished within the striatum at the electron microscopic level as their synaptic vesicles contain the vesicular glutamate transporter, VGLUT1. The majority of terminals which are immunolabeled for glutamate but are not VGLUT1 positive are likely to be thalamostriatal afferents. We compared the effects of short term, high frequency, STN stimulation and lesioning in 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA)-lesioned rats upon striatal terminals immunolabeled for both presynaptic glutamate and VGLUT1. 6OHDA lesions resulted in a small but significant increase in the proportions of VGLUT1-labeled terminals making synapses on dendritic shafts rather than spines. STN stimulation for one hour, but not STN lesions, increased the proportion of synapses upon spines. The density of presynaptic glutamate immuno-gold labeling was unchanged in both VGLUT1-labeled and -unlabeled terminals in 6OHDA-lesioned rats compared to controls. Rats with 6OHDA lesions+STN stimulation showed a decrease in nerve terminal glutamate immuno-gold labeling in both VGLUT1-labeled and -unlabeled terminals. STN lesions resulted in a significant decrease in the density of presynaptic immuno-gold-labeled glutamate only in VGLUT1-labeled terminals. STN interventions may achieve at least part of their therapeutic effect in PD by normalizing the location of corticostriatal glutamatergic terminals and by altering striatal glutamatergic neurotransmission
    • 

    corecore